![]() Whether a feature library consists of single or multiple entries of the same person, the VFR performs a still-to-video verification process. The matching algorithm identifies the object through the differences between the feature sets extracted from the aggregated frames and stored in the library. Each feature set in the library will be assigned an identification tag. Trends in Computer Vision Technologies in Video SurveillanceĪll VFR methods extract a facial feature set corresponding to a separate image before matching them with a library of feature sets. An example of privacy limitations is blocking the view of a private neighbouring property from the system. An example of legislative limitation is to assume that the recording capacity of the system is one year, whereas the storage time limit defined by the government is actually six months. Other kinds of requirements documents include multiple instructions on building the surveillance systems, for example, how to access data sets on video analysis. Additionally, these documents cover the legislative and privacy limitations. It specifies the needs and the justification of the CCTV system. ![]() Requirements documents related to the standards for surveillance systems in different countries are compulsory to follow and are to be prepared based on the outcome of the previous step. For simplicity, in this article, we have adopted the most common language used in each area of technology.ĭuring the construction of surveillance systems of railway networks, there are certain rules issued by the government or relevant authorities that must be followed, which are known as requirements documents. ![]() Where video analytics of a potential attacker may aim to identify a ‘target’ for investigation, the same technology could also be identifying a vulnerable person in distress. This range of applications is useful in correctly balancing the benefits and costs of a potential system, but it leads to difficulty in the choice of language. This survey supports the application of these technologies in rail by bringing together technical and ethical information to protect public security, protect the rail system from trespassing, and reduce railway suicides. Their application, however, requires careful assessment of ethics concerning public privacy and data handling, for example, as regulated in Europe through General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regulations. The development of digital technology for sensors, sensing, data fusion and machine learning, combined with the advancing communication and cloud technologies have the potential to contribute greatly in these areas. However, access prevention is not a solution for station environments, and it is here that recent advances in video analytics tailored to rail offer alternative approaches to reduce these risks in coordination with ‘designing in’ physical solutions such as blast resistant glazing, and management solutions such as staff training to identify out-of-the-ordinary situations. Mitigation measures such as fencing can be used to prevent access at high-risk locations and help address security, trespass and suicide risks. State-of-the-art methods for object detection and behaviour recognition applied to rail network surveillance systems are introduced, and the ethics of handling personal data and the use of automated systems are also considered. This survey focuses on recently developed CCTV surveillance methods for rail networks, discusses the challenges they face, their advantages and disadvantages and a vision for future railway surveillance systems. These methods are built based on multiple types of sensors and are designed to automatically detect static objects and unexpected events, monitor people, and prevent potential dangers. With the rapid advancement of machine learning, numerous computer vision methods have been developed in closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems for the purposes of managing public spaces. Railway networks systems are by design open and accessible to people, but this presents challenges in the prevention of events such as terrorism, trespass, and suicide fatalities.
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